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**scorpion_X** · 04-07-2007, 02:25 PM

Kumuk Turks

    Most of Kumuk Turks (250 thousands of people according the estimations in 1992) live in the Republic of Daghestan connected to the Russian Federation and the rest of them live in the autonomous republics of Tchetchens and Osetia (nearly 50 thousands of people). Kumuk Turks is the most crowded Turkish tribe in the Caucacus following the Azerbaijani Turks. Some of Kumuk people had taken shelter in the Ottoman State in the course of the Russian invasion in the Northern Caucasus and particularly pursuant to the captivity of Sheikh Şamil. These people still live in Üçgözen and Kuşoturağı villages of Tokat and in the village of Yavu in Sivas.

    Kumuk Turks are composed of the native people living in Kumuk savanna of the Northern Caucasus and in the bucolic regions of Daghestan. In ethnical respect, Kumuk Turks are alleged to have rooted from the mixture of Kipchak and Oguz Tribes in this region and the characteristics of Kumuk language pertaining to Kipchak and Oguz language groups strengthen this opinion.

The country of Kumuk people had been considered within the boundaries of Khazar State since the century VII. Even today, some Kumuk scientists state that the Kumuk people were the founders of the Khazar State. Semender, the last capital city of Khazar State was located within the boundaries of Kumuk country. The historical monuments recovered among Kumuk people such as “Anci-name”, “Derbent-name” and “Karabudahkentname” mention about the period of Khazar State. Moreover, today’s Kumuk Turks use all words that were determined as Kazar words by Ebu Hamid el-Garnati that had been used among Khazar people in the past.

According to the information furnished by Zeki Velidi Doğan, Kumuk people were cited as a tribe of Kipchak people that were commissioned with the defence of Derbentin the period Oguz Han according to a rumour recorded by the Chief Astrologer in the Oguz epics. According to Toğan, it can be understood from the resource titled as Tarih al-Babva’l-Abvab that Kumuk people lived in this region while Azerbaijan and Derbent were under the dominion of Arabians.

S.M.Aliyev, one of the Kumuk scientists from Daghestan has quoted the statement of M.R. Mahammadov asserting that the Kumuk people undertook the leadership in the coasts of the Caspian Sea and in Temirkazık Daghestan pursuant to the invasion of Daghestan by Arabians and the withdrawal of Khazar people back to the coasts of Idyll. He has agreed with the first portion of this information; but he opposed to the aforesaid author who had considered Kumuk people as a different group from Khazar people. According to Aliyev, Khazar and Kumuk peoples are composed of the same tribe in respect of both history and culture.

There are lots of suppositions about their historical situations and origin s and most of Soviet anthropologists have asserted that Kumuk people had come from some Caucasus tribes that had become Turks. Considering their language, literature, religion, lifestyles, traditions and customs and the other cultural elements and in the lighting of the data that have been summarised above, it is obvious that Kumuk people were essentially composed of a Turkish tribe.

The first independent organisation that Kumuk Turks established pursuant to the collapse of Khazar State was the emirate founded by Sultan But under the title of a national Kumuk bey governorship in 1578. Since this bey governorship was located in the most north of Daghestan, Russians that advanced towards the more south pursuant to the collapse of Kazan and Astrahan khanates came face to face with Kumuk people in this region. Kumuk Turks displayed heroic resistance against the Russian attacks and marauds that had started since the year of 1594 together with the Muslim Caucasian tribes until the second half of the century XIX. However, Sheikh Şamil who was the last flag bearer of the struggles against Russians was taken prisoner in the year of 1859. Pursuant to this event, Russians invaded Daghestan and the other Caucasian regions rapidly. Actually, the wars that lasted for centuries attenuated the powers of Kumuk people and the other Caucasian tribes. Therefore, Russians penetrated in the entire Caucasus until 1867.

Pursuant to the collapse of the Russian Tsardom in 1917, a civil war burst out in Russia. Kumuk people were on the forefronts among the Turkish and Muslim communities that rebelled for their freedom and sovereignty in the Northern Caucasus. Taking the support of the Ottoman State, Daghestan declared its independency under the title of the Republic of Daghestan and the Northern Caucasus on the date of 11th May 1918. Meanwhile, we would like to emphasise that Kumuk Turkish was approved as the official language of Daghestan and as a common language that united the entire Northern Caucasus in the national assemblies of the Northern Caucasian tribes that convened in this period. Before the recovery of the Republic of Daghestan and the Northern Caucasus, the Mondros Armistice was concluded. Pursuant to this armistice, the Ottoman Army evaluated the Caucasus and the Red Army invaded Daghestan. The Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Daghestan that was subject to the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic was founded on the date of 20th January 1921. Soviet Constitution of 1936 determined a political and administrative division that did not reflect the ethnical diversity of the Caucasus. Accordingly, most of Kumuk Turks have stayed within the borders of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Daghestan and some of them stayed in the regions of Tchetchens and Osetia. Pursuant to the dissolution of Soviet Union, Daghestan has become an autonomous republic connected to the Russian Federation.

***ExCLuSiVe*** · 04-07-2007, 02:46 PM

scorpion_x Wrote:Turks in Mongolia
The population of Mongolia is 2.400.000.
KAZAKHS (HASAG): Kazakhs with Nayman and Kiren roots that are composed of nearly 150 thousands of people live in the provinces of Bayan Ölgiy and Hovd in the northwest of the country. Pursuant to the dissolution of the Soviets, their population cannot be properly known as a result of the migrations to Kazakhstan. Despite these migrations, it is estimated that there are nearly 150 thousands of people composed of 95 thousands of people in Bayan Ölgiy and 40 thousands of people in Hovd.
Bayan Ölgiy was a province of Kazakhs in the past (aymag means a province). Nowadays, the Kazakh people have the Kazakh Liberal Party and they also broadcast from a radio. The other clans and tribes of Kazakh people are as follows:

Tartuş People: These people rooted from Kazaks that are divided into two groups such as the Lower and Upper Tartuş People are the descendants of Kirey Kazakhs.

Hoton People: With a population of nearly 6 thousands of people, Hotons live in the province of Uvs. Hoton people who are the hybrids of the Kazakhs and Khirghiz people live in the south west of the Uvs Lake and in the city and within the environs of Bugat. Hoton people who are Muslims speak with the Derbet dialect.

Uranhay people: With a population of 50 thousands of people, Uranhay people live in Mongolia and Russia and China. They live in the provinces of Hörsgöl and Uvs within the boundaries of Mongolia. Uranhay people had their own republic between the years of 1921 and 1944 but this republic was invaded by the Russians.

thanks for this great info bud Smile

**scorpion_X** · 04-29-2007, 01:36 PM

you are welcome Smile