Lost in Space - Spatial Relationships
Some Space Oddities
As in English these Spatials may either be an adjective or a noun.
Consider: The exterior door. The outside wall - here we are using the word exterior and outside as adjectives describing the nouns they possess - in this case - door and wall.

But as in English these Spatials can also be nouns.
Consider: At the back of the house. From the top of the table.

We can easily see that in this case both back and side are nouns - it is even pointed out to us by the use of the Definite Article - the back and the side.

However when we say At the back of the house. then we can also say The house's back (if needs be in English).


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This is exactly the same as the Possessive Relationship in Turkish.
We must say for:

The back of the house - evin arkası - Lit: the house-of the back-its.
or for:

The top of the table - Masanin üstü - Lit: the table-of the top-its.
We can see that Spatial Relationships are just another form of the Possessive Relationship in Turkish where one noun owns the second ev -in arka -si - the back of the house.

As we have already learned that is a new Extended Noun then we can apply further small suffixes - to, from, at etc. - to complete the meaning as required


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A couple of examples:
Masanin üstünden - From the top of the table. (uses -den suffix).
Masanin üstünde. - On the top of the table. (uses -de suffix).
Masanin üstüne. - To the top of the table. (Uses -e suffix).

This then is the way that Turkish treats Spatial Relationships and some of the main ones are shown below. Many of these are in use in daily life - it is for this reason that Manisa Turkish has dealt with Spatial Relationships as a topic on its own.


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Formation of Spatials
Exterior, Outside - dış - (adjective) dışı -(noun)
Used as an Adjective
dış kapı - the outside gate
dış avlu - the outside yard
Used as a Noun
kapının dışı - the outside of the gate
bankanın dışına - to the outside of the bank
evin dışında - at the outside of the house
bahçenin dışından - from the outside the garden
Some Examples
kapının dışında - at the outside of the gate, outside (of) the gate
bankanın dışından - from outside (of) the bank
peronun dışına - to the outside of the railway Platform
English sometimes drops the little word - "of"

Note That The noun dışı - the exterior - takes a buffer letter -n- when adding the -de and -dan suffixes.

A little warning: Try not mix this word with diş - tooth - which of course is spelt with a Dotted -i-


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As an Adverb of Place - dışarı - outside
dışarı - outside - is used without a preceding noun, because it is a adverb of place.

dışarı gidiyorum. - I'm going out. (dışarıya - also could be used)
dışarıdan geliyorum. - I'm coming from outside.
dışarıdayım - I am outside.
(or - dışardayım - like - buradayım - which is spoken - burdayım - the shortened forms being generally used in daily conversation).

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iç - interior, internal
-(n)in içine - to the inside of
-(n)in içinde - at the inside of
-(n)in içinden - from the inside of
Used as an Adjective
iç hastalıkları - internal diseases
iç savaş - civil war
Used as a Noun
odanın içi - the inside of the room, outside (of) the gate
ormanın içinde - in the depths the forest
garın içinden - from the inside of the railway station

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As an Adverb of Place - içeri - inside
içeri - inside - is used without a preceding noun, because it is a adverb of place.

içeri - I'm going in(side). (içeriye - also could be used)
içerden geliyorum. - I'm coming from inside.
Also - içeri - and = dışarı can be used with nouns.
Lütfen kapidan içeri giriniz. - Please go(pass) inside through(or from) the door.
Evimden dışarı çık! - Get out of my house!.

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yan - side, flank
-(n)in yanına - to the side of
-(n)in yanında - at/by the side of
-(n)in yanından - from the side of
Used as an Adjective
yan kapı - side gate
yan sokak - side road
Used as a Noun
kapının yanında - at the side of the gate
bankanın yanından - from sideof the bank
sol duvarın yanına - to the side of the left wall
duvarın sol yanına - to the left side of the wall

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taraf - side, side part
-(n)in tarafına - to the side part of
-(n)in tarafında - at/by the side part of
-(n)in tarafından - from the side part of
taraf - is not an adjective - it is only used as a noun

Used as a Noun
kapının tarafında - at the side of the gate
bankanın tarafından - from the side (of) the bank
peronın tarafına - to the side of the railway Platform
Some examples with - taraf - side part
Arabanın alt tarafından bir seyler damlıyor. - Something(s) is dripping from the underside of the car.
Sen kimin tarafındasın? Benim mi onun mu? - Whose side are you on? Mine or his?
Dolabın üst tarafına baktın mı? - Have you looked at (to) the topside of the cupboard?

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üst - top, topmost
-(n)in üstüne - to the top of
-(n)in üstünde - at/by the top of
-(n)in üstünden - from the top of
Used as an Adjective
üst tepe - the top hill
en üst pencere - uppermost window - (superlative)
Used as a Noun
bardağın üstünde - on top of the glass
ağaçların üstüne - towards the top of the trees
arabamın üstünden - from the top of the my car

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üzeri - over, on top of, in addition to, besides
-(n)in üzerine - over
-(n)in üstünde - at/by the top of, over the top of..
-(n)in üstünden - from the top of, from over the top of..
üzeri - is not an adjective - it is only used as a noun

Used as a Noun
elma üzerine portakal getir - in addition to apples get (some) oranges
binanın üzerinden - from over the building
masanın üzerindeki fincan - the cup which is on top of the table

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alt - bottom, under, below, undeneath
-(n)in altına - under, to the under of
-(n)in altında - under, at/by the under of
-(n)in altından - from underneath
Used as an Adjective
alt kapı - the bottom gate
alt dolap - the lower cupboard
Used as a Noun
Alt dolabın altına fincanları koyunuz dışarda - Put the cups (to the) underneath the bottom cupboard
Masanın altından topu cekin - Get the ball from under the table
Sağ ayağımın altı kaşınıyor - The underneath of my right foot is itching

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orta - middle, center
-(n)in ortasına - to the middle of
-(n)in ortasında - at the middle of
-(n)in ortasından - from the middle of
Used as an Adjective
orta kapı - middle gate
orta oda - center room
Used as a Noun
parkın ortasına - to the middle of the park
bahçenin ortasında - in the middle of the garden
orta odanın ortasından - from the center of the middle room

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art - behind, rear side, backside
-(n)in ardına - to the behind of
-(n)in ardında - at the rear of
-(n)in ardından - from behind of
art - is not an adjective - it is only used as a noun

Used as a Noun
kapının ardında - at the rear the door, behind the door
bankanın ardından - from behind the bank
mutfağın ardına - to the rear of the kitchen

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arka - back, rear
-(n)in arkasına - to the back of
-(n)in arkasında - at/by back of
-(n)in arkasından - from the back of
Used as an Adjective
arka kapı - the back gate
arka bahçe - back garden
Used as a Noun
kapının arkası - the back of the door
garajın arkasından - from back of the garage
kuyruğun arkasına - to the back of the queue

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ön - front
-(n)in önüne - to the front of
-(n)in önünde - at/by front of
-(n)in önünden - from the front of
Used as an Adjective
ön kapı - the front door
ön pencereler - the front winows
Used as a Noun
kapının önünde - in front of the door
manavın önüne - to the front of the greengrocer's
rafların önünden - from the front of the shelves

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yakın - near, nearby, close to, in the vicinity of
-(n)in yakınına - to the nearby of
-(n)in yakınında - nearby
-(n)in yakınından - from near the
Used as an Adjective
yakın kapı - the near gate
yakın bir ofis - an office nearby
Used as a Noun
kapının yakınında - near the gate
kapının yakınlarında - near by the gate - (plural is more vague)
bankanın yakınından - from close to the bank - (Lit: from the near of the bank)
otogarın yakınına - in the vicinity of bus station

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Used as an Adverb of Place - yakın - near
bankaya yakın - near to the bank

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ara - space between
-(n)in arasına - in between
-(n)in arasında - between
-(n)in arasından - from between
Used as an Adjective
ara kapı - the door between - (a connecting door beween rooms)
Used as a Noun
hafta arası - mid-week
kapıların arasında - in between (of)the doors
masaların arasına iskemleyi koyun - Put the chair (to the) between (of the) tables
bunların arasından bir tane alın - Take one from between these

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karşı - opposite, against
-(n)in karşısına - to the opposite side of, against
-(n)in karşısında - at the opposite side of, against
-(n)in karşısından - from the opposite side of, against
Used as an Adjective
karşı kapı - the opposite gate
karşı kaldırım - the opposite pavement - (USA: opposite sidewalk)
Used as a Noun
kapının karşısında - opposite the gate
bankanın karşısındaki sokak - the street which is opposite the bank
Mehmet, kahvenin karşısından çıktı - Mehmet came out from opposite the cafe

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etraf - around, environment, surrondings
-(n)in etrafına - to the surrounds of
-(n)in etrafında - around the
-(n)in etrafından - from around the
etraf- is not an adjective - it is only used as a noun

Used as a Noun
masamıznın etrafına bolca çiçek koyuldu - Flowers galore were put around our table
etrafımda çocuklar oyunuyordu - the children were playing (all) around me
bostanın etrafından - from around the vegetable garden

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çevre - around, surrounding
çevre - is synonymous with - etraf [Abr.] above - and is gradually replacing the Arabic word

-(n)in çevresine - to the surrounds of
-(n)in çevresinde - around the
-(n)in çevresinden - from around the
Used as an Adjective
çevre yolu - circular road - (bypass road)
Used as a Noun
kentin çevreleri - the surroundings of the town
bankanın çevresinde bir park bulunur - there is a park surrounding the bank
fabrikanın çevresine bir engel koydular - they have put a barrier around the factory

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aşağı - down, downstairs
-(n)in aşağısı - downwards
-(n)in aşağısında - below, downstairs
-(n)in -aşağısından - from below, less than
Used as an Adjective
aşağı mahalle - a low town district - (Figuratively: slum)
aşağı kat - the floor below
Used as a Noun
inişın aşağısı - downhill - (Lit: The down of the hill)
merdivenin aşağısına - to downstairs
yolun aşağısından yürüyün - Walk from the bottom of the road
Some Examples
Dağın aşağısı serin. - It is chilly down the mountain - (Lit: The down of the mountain is chilly.)
Dağın aşağısındaki agaçlar çok güzel. - The trees which are at the lower side of the mountain are very beautiful.
Dağın aşağısından gelen rüzgar ğok soğuk. - The wind which comes from the lower side of the mountain is so cold.

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Used as an Adverb of Place - aşağı - downstairs
aşağı gidiyorum. or - aşağı gidiyorum. - I going downstairs

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yukarı - above, up upstairs
-(n)in yukarısına - upwards
-(n)in yukarısında - up,upstairs
-(n)in yukarısından - from above/more than
Used as an Adjective
yukarı ev - the house above
yukarı dal - the branch (of a tree) above
Used as a Noun
yokuş yukarı - uphill
merdivenin yukarısı - upstairs
tepenin yukarısından indik - We came down from the top of the hill