[TABLE][TR][TD]Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Motivation[/TD][/TR][TR][TD] [/TD][TD]Intrinsic Motivation[COLOR=#NaNNaNNaN] (
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The following are traits of human nature:

• To be curious
• To be active
• To initiate thought and behavior
• To make meaning from experience
• To be effective at what we value

Intrinsic motivation occurs when the learning activity and the learning environment elicit motivation in the student.
We do not motivate students but rather create, through our teaching, opportunities that can evoke motivation in students.
The following help to create intrinsic motivation:

• When the goals and rewards of the learning are meaningful to the learner
• When the learning is important to the student
• When the learning assists the learner in obtaining valued accomplishments
• When the learning assists the learners in integrating themselves with the world, with others, and promotes self-awareness

Extrinsic Motivation
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In the classroom, it is a way of doing things to children rather than working with them" KOHN, 1993 (p.784). This view of management disregards a child's ability to think and reason on their own, not allowing them the chance to develop self-determination or independent thinking.
Punishments or rewards are used to control the motivation of the students.
In situations where one person (the teacher) is clearly in power, extrinsic motivation has a greater opportunity to be effective.
In situations where the students believe their perspectives are valid and their rights are equal to the person distributing the rewards or punishment, there is often the formation of "power-relationships” with a high probability of subversion, conflict, and/or resentment.[/TD][/TR][/TABLE]

Leadership Lesson: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

To better understand how different factors inspire others to get involved, it's important to recognize the applications of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation.

Intrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic Motivation is the desire to do something based on the enjoyment or interest in the activity itself.

Recognizing an Intrinsically Motivated (I.M.) Individual:
A person who is intrinsically motivated might say things like, "I get happiness from a job well done," or "I get involved in activities because they interest me."

Motivating the I.M. Person:
Give people choices. Allow them to choose to participate in projects and activities that are interesting or meaningful to them. Including I.M. individuals in the goal setting process imparts a sense of ownership and pride in completing the task.

Advantages and Disadvantages:
Building Intrinsic Motivation is virtually free and its influence can be long-lasting and far-reaching. On the other hand, generating Intrinsic Motivation can be a lengthy process and requires an understanding of individuals' interests and desires.

Extrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic Motivation is the desire to perform a certain behavior based on the potential for external rewards.

Recognizing an Extrinsically Motivated (E.M.) Individual:
A person who is extrinsically motivated might say things like, "I need to get a C+ on my Calculus exam or I will lose my scholarship," or "I can't wait for payday!"

Motivating the E.M. Person:
Rewards and recognition are the keys to influencing the extrinsically motivated person. Recognize participation and hard work often. Even simple rewards will keep them coming back for more.

Advantages and Disadvantages:
Rewards and recognition can produce results quickly and require little preparation. However, rewards can distract from intrinsic motivation and often need to be expanded to encourage continued action.

Source:
Vanderbilt University Center for Teaching. Motivating Students 2006. 5 December, 2006.
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